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@#Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer vesicles secreted by living cells that can carry a variety of signaling molecules, such as RNA, DNA, protein, and lipids. Exosomes play a role in the transmission of signaling molecules between cells, thus regulating many physiological and pathological processes. The methods of extracting exosomes include differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, exclusion chromatography, ultrafiltration, coprecipitation, polymer immune affinity, microfluidic separation technology, etc. Each of these extraction technologies has advantages and disadvantages; however, there is no unified international standard. In addition, the expression of specific proteins and genetic material of exosomes from different cell sources are different; thus, their expression characteristics and functions are also distinctive. Based on this situation, research on exosomes is limited to preclinical studies, and difficulties and challenges still exist in clinical application. This paper summarizes the progress of research in the field of exosomes, to understand the characteristics, modification and application of exosomes from different cell sources, and to summarize their advantages and disadvantages as well as challenges, which can help researchers better understand and master the performance of exosomes. Furthermore, improvement of standard procedures in the extraction and manufacturing of exosomes is important, as it will provide a reference for researchers to carry out exosome-related translational clinical research.
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Introduction : Prevention of embolic stroke is the key issue to perform aortic arch replacement in patients with a shaggy aorta. The aim of this study is to report the utility of the isolation technique for total arch replacement in patients with a shaggy aorta. Methods : Clinical results of seven patients (71.7 years old, all men) with a shaggy aorta who underwent total arch replacement between January 2017 and November 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The operative indications were a distal arch or proximal descending aortic aneurysm in 6 patients and a thrombus inside brachiocephalic artery in one. A cerebral perfusion was established by inserting a cannula directly into all supra-aortic branches before starting systemic perfusion. Result : Utilizing the isolation technique with clamping of all branches in 4 patients and the functional isolation technique with clamping of two branches in 3, total arch replacement was performed in all patients (operation time : 513 min, selective cerebral perfusion time : 162 min). No operative death was observed and no newly developed stroke was encountered. Conclusion : The isolation technique is a useful method to prevent stroke during total arch replacement in patients with a shaggy aorta.
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Aim Lipoaspirate, a wasted by product from liposuction procedure recently has been shown to contain abundant mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs have been studied in many research areas to regenerate many cell lineages including, myogenic, cardiomyogenic, and angiogenic lineages. The large quantity of MSCs in lipoaspirate, makes it an attractive source for stem cells used in research and clinical applications. A simplified method which is suitable to be performed in a basic laboratory will facilitate development of stem cell research in developing countries. Therefore the outcomes from this study are expected to encourage the progress of stem cell research in Indonesia. Methods Lipoaspirate was digested using collagenase type I, followed by a basic filtration method. Purification of MSCs was done by cell culture for 2-3 days followed by supernatant removal. To confirm the homogenous population of MSCs, an analysis using flowcytometry was performed based on the MSCs minimal criteria developed by Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society of Cell Therapy. Resuts MSCs were able to be obtained at 16.41 ± 8.22 x 108 cells per 120 ml lipoaspirate. The cultured cells showed fibroblastic morphology which is characteristic for MSCs and were able to be purified from non-MSCs cells. This was confirmed by flowcytometry assay showing expression of CD105 and the absence of HLA-Class II, CD 45, CD 34, CD14, and CD19. Conclusions This study has shown that it was feasible to isolate messenchymal stem cell from human lipoaspirate. The procedure was practicable to be performed within a basic laboratory.
Subject(s)
Stem Cell Research , Stem Cells , Mesenchymal Stem CellsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To explore the issues and weakness of hospital infection management at clean operating sector . METHODS Effective preventing and controlling measures of hospital infection, sterilization, isolation , and aseptic technique recommended by WHO were utilized in order to improve investigation and management . RESULTS Quality control was formed in the practice process when sterilization and aseptic technique was performed in routine work at clean operating sector. CONCLUSIONS Hospital infection can be prevented and controlled effectively, patients′ safety coefficient can be improved, and operative infection rate can be lowered when the methods stated in this paper are performed strictly.
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Muscle recently has been identified as a good source of adult stem cells that can differentiate into cells of different lineages.Researchers have identified two types of stem cells in skeletal muscle.Further research is necessary to delineate the relationship between different populations of musclederived stem cells(MDSCs)and between MDSCs and other adult stem cells.The methods used to isolate these cells appear to influence the stem cell characteristics.As these efforts continue,the potential for MDSCsbased therapy for other musculoskeletal injuries,as well as for cardiac and smooth muscle injuries,is currently being explored.The behavior,biocharacteristic,isolation,differentiation and the probability of application to regenerate lost or diseased tissue of MDSCs were summarized.
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PURPOSE: Although the 'No-touch' isolation technique was introduced by Turnbull et al. in 1967, the controversy over whether or not it reduces the risk of metastasis during surgery exists even today. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the 'No-touch' isolation technique in primary colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: The evaluation was done by comparing the levels of CEA and CEA m-RNA expression from the same draining vein before and after tumor mobilization. Blood samples from 25 patients with primary colorectal cancer were collected for analysis. At the time of surgery, the main draining vein from the tumor was isolated and ligated at the proximal end. The 1st blood samples were collected just prior to tumor mobilization, and the 2nd samples right after. Both samples were analyzed for serum CEA level and CEA mRNA expression by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The mean CEA value from draining veins after tumor mobilization (8.08+/-8.98 ng/ml) was significantly higher than it was before mobilization (4.17+/-4.98 ng/ml). CEA mRNA was detected in 16% (4/25) of the blood specimens post-mobilization, whereas it was detected in only 4% (1/25) of the pre-mobilization samples. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the validity of using the 'No-touch' isolation technique to reduce the risk of metastasis into the draining vein during mobilization.
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoembryonic Antigen , Colorectal Neoplasms , Neoplasm Metastasis , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger , VeinsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the application of no-tumor touch isolation and killing tumor technique in gastric cancer radical cure. Methods 52 patients with gastric cancer underwent D 4 radical therapy from October 1997 to October 2003 in our hospital. No-tumor touch isolation and killing tumor technique was applied to all the cases. 44 patients with gastric cancer received D 1 radical therapy without the application of no-tumor touch isolation and killing tumor technique served as control. The 5-year survival rate of the two groups was compared. Results There were not obvious post-operative complications in the two groups. The 5-year survival rate of D 4 and D 1 radical therapy groups were 42.3% and 18.2%, respectively(P